The objective of this study was to jointly analyze the importance of cognitive and financial factors in the accuracy of profit forecasting by analysts. Data from publicly traded Brazilian companies in 2019 were obtained. We used text analysis to assess the cognitive biases from the qualitative reports of analysts. Further, we analyzed the data using statistical regression learning methods and statistical classification learning methods, such as Multiple Linear Regression, k-dependence Bayesian, and Random Forest. The Bayesian inference and classification methods allow (...) an expansion of the research line, especially in the area of machine learning, which can benefit from the examples of factors addressed in this research. The results indicated that, among cognitive biases, optimism had a negative relationship with forecasting accuracy while anchoring bias had a positive relationship. Commonality, to a lesser extent, also had a positive relationship with the analyst’s accuracy. Among financial factors, the most important aspects in the accuracy of analysts were volatility, indebtedness, and profitability. Age of the company, fair value, American Depositary Receipts, performance, and loss were still important but on a smaller scale. The results of the RF models showed a greater explanatory power. This research sheds light on the cognitive as well as financial aspects that influence the analyst’s accuracy, jointly using text analysis and machine learning methods, capable of improving the explanatory power of predictive models, together with the use of training models followed by testing. (shrink)

En el Ecuador a consecuencia de varios actos de violencia ejecutados por varias organizaciones delincuenciales que lideran el país; el Presidente de la República a través de los decretos ejecutivos Nro. 110 y 111 declara el estado de excepción y la existencia de conflicto armado interno. La problemática que se analizó en el presente artículo es la falta de motivación de los decretos ejecutivos 110 y 111 emitidos por el Presidente de la Republica el 8 y 9 de enero de (...) 2024, en el cual se violenta los derechos de libertad e inviolabilidad domicilio. El método utilizado fue desde un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la revisión bibliográfica -instrumental. Arrojando como resultado que los decretos ejecutivos 110 y 111 no cumple con los parámetros establecidos por el Protocolo Adicional II de Ginebra de 1977 y lo establecido en el Dictamen 2-24/CC de fecha 21 de marzo de 2024. Concluyendo que los decretos ejecutivos se encuentran viciados motivacionalmente en apariencia e incongruencia, lo que causa la violación de los derechos de libertad e inviolabilidad de domicilio, que se restringen por declarar un estado de excepción. (shrink)

Industrial (“white”) biotechnology promises to contribute to a more sustainable future. Compared to current production processes, cases have been identified where industrial biotechnology can decrease the amount of energy and raw materials used to make products and also reduce the amount of emissions and waste produced during production. However, switching from products based on chemical production processes and fossil fuels towards “biobased” products is at present not necessarily economically viable. This is especially true for bulk products, for example ethanol production (...) from biomass. Therefore, scientists are also turning to genetic modification as a means to develop organisms that can produce at lower costs. These include not only micro-organisms, but also organisms used in agriculture for food and feed.The use of genetic modification for “deliberate release” purposes, in particular, has met great opposition in Europe. Many industrial biotechnology applications may, due to their scale, entail deliberate releases of GM organisms. Thus, the biobased economy brings back a familiar question; is it ethically justifiable, and acceptable to citizens, to expose the environment and society to the risks associated with GM, in order to protect that same environment and to sustain our affluent way of life? For a successful innovation towards a biobased economy, its proponents, especially producers, need to take into account (take responsibility for) such issues when developing new products and processes. These issues, and how scientists can interact with citizens about them in a timely way, are further explored in projects at Delft University and Leiden University, also in collaboration with Utrecht University. (shrink)

BackgroundThe ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines are widely endorsed but compliance is limited. We sought to determine whether journal-requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist improves full compliance with the guidelines.MethodsIn a randomised controlled trial, manuscripts reporting in vivo animal research submitted to PLOS ONE (March–June 2015) were randomly allocated to either requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist or current standard practice. Authors, academic editors, and peer reviewers were blinded to group allocation. Trained reviewers performed outcome adjudication (...) in duplicate by assessing manuscripts against an operationalised version of the ARRIVE guidelines that consists 108 items. Our primary outcome was the between-group differences in the proportion of manuscripts meeting all ARRIVE guideline checklist subitems.ResultsWe randomised 1689 manuscripts (control: n = 844, intervention: n = 845), of which 1269 were sent for peer review and 762 (control: n = 340; intervention: n = 332) accepted for publication. No manuscript in either group achieved full compliance with the ARRIVE checklist. Details of animal husbandry (ARRIVE subitem 9b) was the only subitem to show improvements in reporting, with the proportion of compliant manuscripts rising from 52.1 to 74.1% (X2 = 34.0, df = 1, p = 2.1 × 10−7) in the control and intervention groups, respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggest that altering the editorial process to include requests for a completed ARRIVE checklist is not enough to improve compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines. Other approaches, such as more stringent editorial policies or a targeted approach on key quality items, may promote improvements in reporting. (shrink)

Antonio Gramsci is one of the major social and political theorists of the 20th century whose work has had an enormous influence on several fields, including educational theory and practice. Gramsci and Education demonstrates the relevance of Antonio Gramsci's thought for contemporary educational debates. The essays are written by scholars located in different parts of the world, a number of whom are well known internationally for their contributions to Gramscian scholarship and/or educational research. The collection deals with a broad range (...) of topics, including schooling, adult education in general, popular education, workers' education, cultural studies, critical pedagogy, multicultural education, and the role of intellectuals in contemporary society. (shrink)

O retorno de Georg Lukács à Hungria ocorreu em dois momentos distintos: primeiro em 1918, após sua estadia na Alemanha, e depois em 1945, após seu exílio em Moscou. Esses dois retornos marcam diferentes fases de sua trajetória intelectual. O primeiro foi fortuito, enquanto o segundo resultou de uma decisão consciente, refletindo um desenvolvimento. Partindo dessa constatação, a análise que segue busca traçar os elos entre o exílio moscovita e o período subsequente, explorando as "tentativas de realização" que Lukács empreendeu (...) na Hungria e as questões relacionadas com o surgimento da democracia popular no Leste Europeu. (shrink)

Parents have the autonomous right to choose or refuse a treatment for their child, even those that are life sustaining, if it is extraordinary or disproportionate and it is within the best interest and well-being of their child. Pediatric health care is practiced with the goal of promoting the best interests of the child to do so. Treatment is generally rendered under a presumption in favor of sustaining life. However, in some circumstances, the balance of benefits and burdens to the (...) child leads to an assessment that forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT) is ethically supportable or advisable. Input from specialists in palliative care, ethics, pastoral care, and other disciplines enhances support for families and medical staff when decisions to forgo LSMT are being considered. (shrink)

Dialogar sobre a relação entre os Direitos Humanos e a educação matemática crítica é uma necessidade atual. Tal exigência se deve ao avanço de imperativos da realidade sobre a oferta educacional disponível aos cidadãos. Este ensaio teórico de cunho propositivo pretende apresentar as origens da reivindicação por educação na era moderna e o papel da educação matemática crítica no seu bojo. Ao mesmo tempo, tentaremos demonstrar que os limites atuais, tanto da efetivação dos princípios da dignidade humana, como do acesso (...) à educação, são determinados e limitados pelas decisões políticas tomadas nos mais altos escalões dos Estados nacionais e das corporações empresariais. Para esta discussão trazemos a formulação da equação civilizatória, como uma ferramenta de análise do real e defendemos a imbricação desta com as preocupações da educação matemática crítica de modo a assumir a maximização dos direitos humanos como meta para a transformação social. (shrink)

Este artículo propone reunir a la literatura y la filosofía en un mecanismo didáctico para estimular la práctica de la filosofía con la lectura y la escritura de relatos, con los postulados del constructivismo, en torno a hacer filosofía, no solo observarla desde fuera. Parte de dos premisas: 1) el cuento moderno funciona como pregunta filosófica, como presentador de los grandes temas filosóficos, pero 2) evita la tentación de una explicación explícita, que queda elidida, para que sea el lector quien (...) acabe dándole una forma definitiva con su interpretación, participando en la construcción de su significado. (shrink)

Meiosis is the process by which diploid germ cells divide to produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. The process is highly conserved in eukaryotes, however the recent availability of mouse models for meiotic recombination has revealed surprising regulatory differences between simple unicellular organisms and those with increasingly complex genomes. Moreover, in these higher eukaryotes, the intervention of physiological and sex-specific factors may also influence how meiotic recombination and progression are monitored and regulated. This review will focus on the recent studies (...) involving mouse mutants for meiosis, and will highlight important differences between traditional model systems for meiosis (such as yeast) and those involving more complex cellular, physiological and genetic criteria. BioEssays 23:996–1009, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

Antonio Ungar (Bogota, 1974) has published two novels: Zanahorias voladoras (Alfaguara, 2004) and Las orejas del lobo (Ediciones B, 2006). This paper aims to analyze the two literary works, based on the relationship between abjection and revolt (Kristeva 2006 (1980), 1998 (1996)) presented in the novels. This relationship will make it possible to understand, to a great extent, the author’s esthetic proposal, as well as his position in the current Colombian literary field and his answer to the social conditions of (...) his time. (shrink)

Resumo: Na contemporaneidade, observa-se grande prevalência de enfermidades crônicas sem possibilidade de cura, que se acompanham de significativa redução da qualidade de vida do paciente. Os cuidados paliativos têm como finalidade proporcionar ao paciente conforto físico e emocional na terminalidade da vida. Em momentos em que os CP são negligenciados de alguma forma e deixam de ser exercidos de maneira plena, pode ocorrer a prática da distanásia – procedimentos que apenas prolongam o processo de morrer. A reflexão de Emmanuel Lévinas (...) é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento do projeto de uma Primeira Filosia, a qual aborda nova compreensão da subjetividade humana pela valoriza­ção da ética em detrimento da ontologia fundamental. Esse projeto tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de responsabilidade em Emmanuel Lévinas e sua aplicação no estudo dos limites dos cuidados paliativos para que se evite procedimentos médicos distanásicos. Palavras-chave: Bioethics. Social Responsibility. Palliative Care. End-Life Care. Physician-patient relations. (shrink)

Ortega y Marías invitan a elaborar una nueva filosofía cristiana, distinta de la vieja, en la cual ha pesado excesivamente la herencia conceptual del pensamiento griego, ajeno al cristianismo. Resulta una rémora del pensamiento el sustancialismo, el naturalismo y la entificación de la realidad. Es menester un enérgico esfuerzo para apartarse de imágenes recibidas, mantenidas inercialmente, a veces durante siglos, procedentes, en gran parte, de actitudes no cristianas.

Ortega, aunque comprime su metafísica hasta formularla con su “Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia”, no escribe apenas de esa circunstancia: de su condición y posibles aspectos. Del binomio con que explica la vida trabaja solo en la reacción del individuo, convertida su propuesta metafísica en una ética que confía en las fuerzas del sujeto para desarrollar su proyecto vital en cualquier entorno. Aún es de día, que publica Miguel Delibes en 1949, con la España de posguerra de fondo, puede (...) leerse como una réplica a esta ética que Ortega llama de la ilusión: Su protagonista, ante una circunstancia abiertamente hostil, es incapaz de desarrollar el programa que quiere para su vida. La trama funciona como planteamiento de una ética que recalcula las posibilidades del individuo para realizarse en un entorno adverso. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Science and Religion: Methodology, History and Prospects in Latin America.

El oficio de historiador es una guía didáctica destinada a los estudiantes que emprenden sus estudios universitarios en las disciplinas históricas. Pretende servir como manual auxiliar para introducirse en el conocimiento y la comprensión de los conceptos básicos de las ciencias históricas y en los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que son habituales en el ámbito educativo de la Universidad. Las dos primeras partes de la obra ofrecen una presentación de los rasgos característicos de la historia como ciencia humana y (...) de la evolución de la historiografía desde su origen en la Antigüedad y hasta el presente. Los dos últimos apartados orientan a los estudiantes sobre los modos de estudio propios de la educación universitaria y tratan de ayudarles en la realización práctica de los ejercicios y trabajos de curso correspondientes. (shrink)

Héctor Mujica, representa unos de los intelectuales más importantes del marxismo venezolano del siglo XX. Las ideas que guían el presente estudio, recogen su postura ante la historia, la religión, los medios de comunicación, así como su tesis sobre el progreso y su postura antiimperialista y, de man..

In this paper I analyse an argument for God's existence from the liberty proposed by Prof. Polo. I think that an examination of his transcendental antropology wild yield some important insights concerning of person and liberty. I argue this argument is sound and illuminating of our concept of God.

El presente artículo examina situaciones y problemas planteados por ciertas características del predominio de la racionalidad occidental en la vida de nuestro planeta, y con base en una crítica a dicha racionalidad, contempla la necesidad y posibilidad de postular una ética intercultural, fundamentada teóricamente en autores como Dussel, Hinkelammert, y otros que han hecho de esa crítica y esa preocupación el tema de su reflexión filosófica.

In this paper we will discuss the active part played by certain diagonal arguments in the genesis of computability theory. 1 In some cases it is enough to assume the enumerability of Y while in others the effective enumerability is a substantial demand. These enigmatical words by Kleene were our point of departure: When Church proposed this thesis, I sat down to disprove it by diagonalizing out of the class of the λ–definable functions. But, quickly realizing that the diagonalization cannot (...) be done effectively, I became overnight a supporter of the thesis. (1981, p. 59) The title of our paper alludes to this very work, a task on which Kleene claims to have set out after hearing such a remarkable statement from Church, who was his teacher at the time. There are quite a few points made in this extract that may be surprising. First, it talks about a proof by diagonalization in order to test—in fact to try to falsify—a hypothesis that is not strictly formal. Second, it states that such a proof or diagonal construction fails. Third, it seems to use the failure as a support for the thesis. Finally, the episode we have just described took place at a time, autumn 1933, in which many of the results that characterize Computability Theory had not yet materialized. The aim of this paper is to show that Church and Kleene discovered a way to block a very particular instance of a diagonal construction: one that is closely related to the content of Church's thesis. We will start by analysing the logical structure of a diagonal construction. Then we will introduce the historical context in order to analyse the reasons that might have led Kleene to think that the failure of this very specific diagonal proof could support the thesis. This is a joint paper. We have both attempted to add a small piece to an amazing historical jigsaw puzzle at a juncture we feel to be appropiate. In the paper by Manzano 1997 the aforementioned words by Kleene were quoted, and since then several logicians, Enrique Alonso first and foremost, have questioned her on this issue. Here we both submit our reply. (1999, pp. 249--273). (shrink)

In this article I make a case for differentiating the process of decolonization in education from the process of dismantling the values of the empire and their continuing, subliminal role in our thought and practice (the gaze of the empire). I argue that ignoring the empire within (particularly the word ‘empire’ itself) is what sustains the colonial gaze and what constitutes decolonization’s greatest obstacle. I employ a poststructuralist, Foucauldian framework, which helps me explore notions of power and knowledge through language (...) and the gaze. To illuminate discussions, I make use of some of the historical context necessary to understand the spirit and the tragedy of empire, with its language as principal instrument, as well as some of the literary aspects (Magical Realism and poetry) that have been used to gaze at the colonized and redeem the conqueror. (shrink)

An Interview with Enrique Dussel by Yvanka B. Raynova.

In the late sixteenth century, Girolamo Mercuriale (1530–1606) was the celebrity physician par excellence. The pope, the emperor, and the rulers of many Italian states competed for his services. Me...